In Europe, philology was not considered to be a scientific field at the beginning. Moreover, “general grammar” had not achieved much and had resulted in academic passivity and was more Europe-oriented. As a result, the process of family relationships among languages was taken seriously by some Orientologists. After the realization of the theory of the “Indo-European language family” during the period of secular Orientalists and the presentation of “comparative grammar” by the German Franz Bopp and, as a result, introducing Orientology as a scientific field, linguistics also stepped into the domain of academic research as the greatest achievement of modern Orientology. Therefore, the author found it necessary to explore this process based on the historical development of Oriental studies in Europe, in general, and in France, in particular. At the same time, he has introduced the conducted studies in the field of Iranology and the place of Iranian culture and civilization within this field.