This paper deals with the problem of the dialog of civilizations, which enjoys particular importance in the present period. Following a descriptive-library method and drawing on personal experience, while introducing the civilizational history and geography of Iran, the writer focuses on the interactions and conflicts between the Iranian civilization and ancient (both eastern and western) and Islamic civilizations. He maintains that, in the light of the knowledge of Iranian culture and civilization, which could be gained through a study of the historical and archeological changes in the environment, social geography, and social values of Iran, one can introduce this country as one of the pioneers of cultural and historical dialogs in the history of the world.