The Saljukid period is one of the most prominent eras in Iranian urban and economic history; as the formation of the economic foundations and urbanization of the contemporary age goes back to this fundamental and foundational experience in the sociopolitical history of Iran. Saljukids’ nomadic lifestyle resulted in a change in land use and social organization in areas under their control and created new land ownership systems. Gradually, with the establishment of security in communication routes, trade flourished, and subsequently population centers were formed, and cities and provinces grew and prospered because of good economic conditions. This article studies and analyzes how the Saljukids’ rule played a role in the economic growth of the Kerman province of 5^th and 6^th century AH, through utilizing the descriptive-analytic method. The findings of the research show that a chain of factors such as the extent of the territory of the Saljukids of Kerman, having two capitals, diverse climate, its dominance on Kerman-Baluchestan communication roads, and the prosperity of the south-north trade route in this period resulted in a different economic and urban development trend for Iran’s southern provinces. Many cities and provinces saw significant economic growth subsequently new population centers were created and thus the Saljukid rulers attended to administrative divisions and bureaucratic systems more carefully.