The philosophy of science is considered an inevitable necessity following the formation of any scientific discipline and deals with important issues such as analyzing the nature of that science, appropriate methods for creating reliable and efficient knowledge, distinguishing pseudoscience from scientific knowledge, criticizing and examining the work of scientists in that discipline, and such issues. Following the establishment of Iranology, which was carried out with the goals of properly introducing Iranian culture and civilization to the world and organizing Iranology studies, this important issue was also raised about this scientific discipline. Accordingly, the present article attempts to address the main research question, namely what is the philosophy of science in Iranology, using the descriptive-analytical method and relying on practical experiences in this field and using resources and research related to the philosophy of science as well as Iranology studies. For this purpose, after the definitions related to the philosophy of science in Iranology, issues related to it have also been raised. The research findings indicate that in order to achieve discourse and research in accordance with the criteria of the philosophy of science in Iranology, it is an undeniable necessity to pay attention to issues such as causality, objectivity and subjectivity, and methodology.