The political and social changes of the late Qajar period, along with the effective arrival of Western orientalists and antiquarians, created conditions in which Iranians, for the first time in their long history, made Iran an object of knowledge. Iranian intellectuals, seeking to gain knowledge of European intellectual movements and, alongside Western orientalism and Iranology, which led to the discovery of Iran's historical background, ancient artifacts, and past glory, realized the need to re-understand and redefine themselves, and on this basis, the discourse of Iranology was formed. At the same time, the profit-seeking goals of Western orientalists and antiquarians, coupled with the ignorance of the Qajar kings, shaped the discourse of Iranian archaeology. Thus, the discourse of Iranology and the discourse of archaeology emerged in close connection and at the same time. The present study, using a genealogical method, has evaluated the zero degree of emergence of these discourses in order to identify their important propositions and how they influence and affect each other in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the theoretical foundations, concepts, and common links of the aforementioned discourses. The result of evaluating the influential propositions in these two discourses is that a set of Iranological investigations created a new construction of the national identity of Iranians in accordance with their proud historical past, and archaeological investigations provided tangible data for this thought and made the theory governing society visible.