The history of Iran in the Seljuk period represents one of the most distinguished eras in the art of jewelry-making. Understanding the techniques of cutting and decorating precious stones and metals, as well as the interactions between centers of jewelry production and trade, forms the core problem of this study. Employing a historical–analytical approach, the research examines the contexts and factors that contributed to the formation, expansion, and prosperity of industries related to jewelry production and commerce in Seljuk-era Iran. By analyzing historical data and archaeological evidence, the study seeks to reveal the relationships between political, economic, social, and cultural structures and the patterns of jewelry manufacture and exchange. The findings indicate that the development of domestic and transregional trade networks, the patronage of the court and political elites, access to mines and raw materials, and the presence of skilled artisans—combined with urban growth and the emergence of specialized markets—were the primary drivers of this industry’s advancement. Furthermore, the Seljuk state played a significant role in ensuring road security, establishing taxation systems, and supporting professional workshops, thereby fostering cohesion and dynamism within this economic sector. Overall, the jewelry-making industry of this period not only reflected the artistic sensibilities and technical expertise of Iranians but also held a central position in urban economies and social relations.